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Chapt 24

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Bubble your answer on your answer sheet.
 

 1. 
What was the first space telescope built by NASA?
a.
Chandra X-Ray Observatory
c.
James Webb Space Telescope
b.
Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory
d.
Hubble Space Telescope
 

 2. 
The sun’s surface is made up mostly of ____.
a.
helium
c.
oxygen
b.
hydrogen
d.
ammonia
 

 3. 
The layer of the sun that radiates most of the light that reaches Earth is the ____.
a.
photosphere
c.
ionosphere
b.
chromosphere
d.
corona
 

 4. 
Sunspots appear dark because they are ____.
a.
solid areas
c.
relatively cool
b.
deep holes
d.
relatively hot
 

 5. 
Which color has the most energetic photons?
a.
red
c.
blue
b.
violet
d.
orange
 

 6. 
A typical incandescent light bulb produces a(n) ____.
a.
discontinuous spectrum
c.
absorption spectrum
b.
continuous spectrum
d.
emission spectrum
 

 7. 
Which famous scientist first used a telescope for astronomical observations?
a.
Albert Einstein
c.
Isaac Newton
b.
Galileo
d.
George Hale
 

 8. 
What information does a star’s spectrum offer about the star?
a.
size
c.
chemical composition
b.
age
d.
none of the above
 

 9. 
Which of the following is NOT a form of electromagnetic radiation?
a.
radio waves
c.
gamma rays
b.
gravity
d.
visible light
 

 10. 
A refracting telescope produces an image using a(n) ____.
a.
objective lens
c.
mirror
b.
spectroscope
d.
prism
 

 11. 
The sun’s surface has a grainy texture produced by numerous bright markings called ____.
a.
sunspots
c.
granules
b.
umbras
d.
solar flares
 

 12. 
What does a prism do?
a.
combines the colors of visible light into white light
b.
separates visible light into several colors
c.
separates sunlight into ultraviolet and infrared radiation
d.
changes the wavelength of electromagnetic waves
 

 13. 
The sun can continue to exist in its present stable state for about another ____.
a.
5.5 billion years
c.
10 billion years
b.
100 billion years
d.
15.5 billion years
 

 14. 
What will happen to an object’s wavelength as the object moves toward you?
a.
The wavelength will be shortened.
c.
The wavelength will vary.
b.
The wavelength will not change.
d.
The wavelength will be lengthened.
 

 15. 
Which of the following is NOT true about most large optical telescopes?
a.
They have greater light-gathering power.
b.
They have greater resolving power.
c.
They are reflecting telescopes.
d.
They are refracting telescopes.
 

 16. 
Which part of the sun lies directly above the visible “surface” of the sun?
a.
ionosphere
c.
photosphere
b.
corona
d.
chromosphere
 

 17. 
The fact that light can exert a pressure on matter suggests that it is made of particles called ____.
a.
electrons
c.
neutrons
b.
protons
d.
photons
 
 
chapt_24-25_files/i0190000.jpg
 

 18. 
Using Figure 24-1, what solar features are labeled C?
a.
prominences
c.
solar flares
b.
sunspots
d.
solar winds
 

 19. 
In Figure 24-1, what feature is labeled A?
a.
prominence
c.
chromosphere
b.
photosphere
d.
corona
 

 20. 
Large Doppler shifts indicate ____.
a.
high temperatures
c.
low speeds
b.
high speeds
d.
low temperatures
 

 21. 
Using the Doppler effect, astronomers can determine a star’s ____.
a.
temperature
c.
chemical composition
b.
age
d.
movement toward or away from Earth
 

 22. 
What advantage do space telescopes have over telescopes used on Earth?
a.
They are not affected by Earth’s atmosphere.
b.
They are much cheaper to build.
c.
They last longer.
d.
They do not need lenses or mirrors to gather light.
 

 23. 
In the equation E = mc2, what does c represent?
a.
gravitational attraction
c.
chemical composition
b.
speed of light
d.
atomic mass
 

 24. 
The product of nuclear fusion is ____.
a.
hydrogen
c.
oxygen
b.
nitrogen
d.
helium
 

 25. 
Streams of electrons and protons that shoot out from the sun’s corona make up the solar ____.
a.
atmosphere
c.
granules
b.
rays
d.
wind
 

 26. 
Stars of which color have the highest surface temperature?
a.
red
c.
yellow
b.
orange
d.
blue
 

 27. 
Stars of which color have the coolest surface temperature?
a.
red
c.
yellow
b.
orange
d.
blue
 

 28. 
Stellar distances are usually expressed in what units?
a.
miles
c.
light-years
b.
kilometers
d.
none of the above
 

 29. 
The measure of a star’s brightness is called its ____.
a.
magnitude
c.
intensity
b.
parallax
d.
color index
 

 30. 
If star A is farther from Earth than star B, but both stars have the same absolute magnitude, what is true about their apparent magnitude?
a.
Both stars have the same apparent magnitude.
b.
Star A has the greater apparent magnitude.
c.
Star B has the greater apparent magnitude.
d.
Apparent magnitude is not related to distance.
 

 31. 
A Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram shows the relationship between ____.
a.
absolute magnitude and apparent magnitude
b.
temperature and absolute magnitude
c.
parallax and temperature
d.
apparent magnitude and parallax
 

 32. 
About 90 percent of stars on the H-R diagram are ____.
a.
supergiants
c.
white dwarfs
b.
main-sequence stars
d.
black holes
 

 33. 
Which main-sequence stars are the least massive?
a.
red
c.
yellow
b.
orange
d.
blue
 
 
chapt_24-25_files/i0360000.jpg
 

 34. 
According to Figure 25-1, which main-sequence stars are brightest?
a.
the smallest
c.
the hottest
b.
the coolest
d.
none of the above
 

 35. 
According to Figure 25-1, the sun has an absolute magnitude of ____.
a.
–5
c.
5
b.
0
d.
5000
 

 36. 
Another name for the interstellar matter that will eventually form a star is ____.
a.
supernova
c.
black hole
b.
red giant
d.
nebula
 

 37. 
A star is said to be born when ____.
a.
a protostar reaches a temperature high enough for nuclear fusion to begin
b.
a red giant collapses on itself and becomes a black hole
c.
pressure within a protostar becomes so great that a supernova occurs
d.
a dark, cool interstellar cloud begins to contract
 

 38. 
Which force is most responsible for the formation of a star?
a.
gravity
c.
interstellar force
b.
nuclear force
d.
electromagnetic force
 

 39. 
Massive stars terminate in a brilliant explosion called a ____.
a.
red giant
c.
neutron star
b.
protostar
d.
supernova
 

 40. 
All stars, regardless of size, eventually ____.
a.
turn into black dwarfs
c.
run out of fuel and collapse
b.
explode
d.
become black holes
 

 41. 
When a main-sequence star has exhausted the fuel in its core, it becomes a ____.
a.
black hole
c.
neutron star
b.
black dwarf
d.
red giant
 

 42. 
The sun is a ____.
a.
black hole
c.
main-sequence star
b.
black dwarf
d.
red giant
 

 43. 
Light cannot escape the intense gravitational pull of a ____.
a.
black hole
c.
main-sequence star
b.
black dwarf
d.
red giant
 

 44. 
Our galaxy is called the ____.
a.
Local Group
c.
Andromeda
b.
Orion
d.
Milky Way
 

 45. 
Where is our sun located in the Milky Way?
a.
within one of the spiral arms
b.
at the exact center of the galactic nucleus
c.
in the galactic halo
d.
at the tip of one of the spiral arms
 

 46. 
Which of the following indicates that the universe is expanding?
a.
red shift of distant galaxies
b.
red shift of the galaxies in the Local Group
c.
blue shift of distant galaxies
d.
blue shift of the Milky Way
 

 47. 
According to the big bang theory, the universe began about ____.
a.
4.5 billion years ago
c.
49.6 billion years ago
b.
13.7 billion years ago
d.
130 billion years ago
 

 48. 
Which of the following supports the big bang theory?
a.
pulsars
c.
galactic clusters
b.
cosmic background radiation
d.
irregular galaxies
 



 
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